{"id":2364,"date":"2021-09-09T07:45:07","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T07:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mintformations.co.uk\/blog\/?p=2364"},"modified":"2025-08-18T14:55:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T14:55:17","slug":"how-to-file-company-accounts-everything-you-need-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mintformations.co.uk\/blog\/how-to-file-company-accounts-everything-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"How to file company accounts: Everything you need to know"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Running your own business can be one of the most rewarding experiences, but it can also be quite stressful without the proper preparation. On top of ensuring that your business is a success, you need to comply with legislation and file your annual accounts correctly and on time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All limited companies in the UK are legally required to prepare annual accounts every year alongside their tax return. But filing yearly accounts on time can be difficult, and in the last year, thousands of charities received <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thirdsector.co.uk\/thousands-charities-appealed-against-late-filing-penalties-companies-house\/finance\/article\/1723907\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">late filing penalties from Companies House<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keeping on top of your company&#8217;s annual accounts can be challenging, and many businesses choose to hire accountants to handle this process. If you have just started running your own business, you probably have many questions: What are annual accounts? When do I need to file accounts? Our guide will take you through everything you need to know about how to file company accounts and how to file them on time to avoid fines.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>What are annual accounts?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual accounts are a summary of an organisation&#8217;s financial activity throughout the financial year. They usually contain detailed information on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company transactions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operating performance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial positioning.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual accounts are also known as \u201cfinancial accounts,\u201d \u201ccompany accounts\u201d or \u201cstatutory accounts\u201d. So if you come across any of these terms, they all mean annual accounts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limited companies are required to supply annual accounts to several places, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies House<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company shareholders<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All holders of the company&#8217;s debentures<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anyone who attends general meetings.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What\u2019s Included in a company\u2019s annual accounts?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your annual accounts provide detailed financial data about your company&#8217;s income, expenses, liabilities, assets and equity. Annual accounts usually include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A profit and loss account<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A balance sheet<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notes and details about the accounts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A report from the company director<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A report from an auditor.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To complete your company&#8217;s annual accounts, you will need to keep detailed financial and account records throughout the financial year. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/running-a-limited-company\/company-and-accounting-records\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies House require you to keep certain records<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All income received<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All outgoing expenses<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Information on all goods and services bought and sold<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Details of all company assets and liabilities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mortgage and loan agreements<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lease agreements<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bank statements<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Details of any money owed to your business.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Profit and loss account<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your company&#8217;s profit and loss statement will include every transaction that took place over the financial year. It shows whether your business made a profit or loss over that accounting period and will consist of your company&#8217;s income with the cost of sales and expenses deducted. Business expenses can include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mortgage or rental fees<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utilities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wages<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pensions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax and VAT.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once outgoings are deducted from turnover, the remaining figure shows your profit or loss. At this stage, your shareholders will receive dividends. Any remaining profits after dividends are then available for reinvestment in your business.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Balance sheet<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your company&#8217;s balance sheet is a financial statement that provides an overview of your business&#8217;s assets, liabilities and equity at the end of the financial year. It breaks down how much your company owns, is owed and how much you owe. This overview indicates the financial health of your business.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assets include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land, buildings and vehicles<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petty cash, bank balances and receivables<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Machinery, equipment and furniture.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liabilities include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mortgages and loans<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounts payable<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax, payroll and pension payments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Note to the accounts<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notes to the accounts are supplementary information to support your business&#8217;s accounts. While some notes are legally required, others help to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Give a broader understanding of the company&#8217;s financial situation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clarify entries in the balance sheet or profit and loss account<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Give evidence on future performance estimates.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Directors&#8217; report<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you are the director or on the board of directors of a large business, you will need to produce a directors&#8217; report. The report is detailed and includes a variety of summaries and analyses, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Name of all directors in that financial year<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company performance analysis<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial positioning summary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Description of principal business activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Larger companies generally use directors\u2019 reports. Small companies and micro-entities are usually exempt from this section of annual accounts.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Auditor&#8217;s report<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An external auditor or chartered account carries out the auditor\u2019s report. This report provides an independent evaluation of the company&#8217;s annual accounts. It will usually state:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The responsibilities of company directors and the auditor<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That standard account practices were followed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether the accounts have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted practice and with the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2006\/46\/contents\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Companies Act 2006<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A statement on whether or not the financial statements give an accurate view of the company.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Annual accounts for small companies and Micro-Entities<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In general, Companies House requires small businesses to file much simpler accounts. This means that small companies and micro-entities must provide less detailed financial information thk ban larger businesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Annual accounts for small businesses<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Small businesses supply Companies House with abridged accounts. To qualify as a small company, companies must fit two of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual turnover is not more than \u00a310.2 million<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The balance sheet total is not more than \u00a35.1 million<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The number of employers is not more than 50<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The abridged accounts contain:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A simplified profit and loss account<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A simplified balance sheet<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Notes to the accounts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A statement on the balance confirming that members have agreed to the preparation of the accounts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An auditor&#8217;s report.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Small businesses are not required to send a directors&#8217; report or the profit and loss account to Companies House.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Annual accounts for Micro-Entities<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like small companies, a micro-entity is not required to send their annual accounts in the same detail as larger companies. To qualify as a micro-entity, businesses must fit two of the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annual turnover is not more than \u00a3632,000<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The balance sheet total is not more than \u00a3316,000<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The number of employers is not more than 10.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Micro-entity abbreviated accounts include the same documents as a small company without the statement of agreement from the members.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>When are my annual accounts due?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All companies have to file their accounts at Companies House every year. There is no set date for annual accounts to be filed, as they are dependent on your company&#8217;s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/companieshouse.blog.gov.uk\/2015\/12\/23\/a-guide-to-accounting-reference-dates-and-periods\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">accounting reference date<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (ARD). Your ARD is also known as your company\u2019s year end.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When you form a limited company, your financial year begins on the date of incorporation, and your ARD will be on the last day of the month you incorporated a year later. Your ARD will be the same every year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, if you registered your company on the 15th of July, your ARD will be the 31st of July. Companies House allow businesses to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/change-your-companys-year-end\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> change their ARD<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the current financial year or the one previous.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your first accounts will be due 21 months after registration with Companies House. Following the first year, you are expected to file annual accounts nine months after the end of your business&#8217;s financial year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Failing to file your annual accounts by your company&#8217;s accounts filing deadline will result in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/late-filing-penalties\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">late filing penalties<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. If you file less than a month after your deadline, the fine is \u00a3150. If your accounts are more than six months late, you can be fined \u00a31,500.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>How do I file my company accounts?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Almost all businesses file their<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/file-your-company-annual-accounts\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> annual accounts online<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. While you can file your accounts in paper form, HMRC takes longer to process them physically. You will need to submit your annual accounts to Companies House and your yearly tax return to HMRC. You must file your tax return online unless you have a reasonable excuse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Small companies and micro-entities may be able to use the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/file-your-company-accounts-and-tax-return\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Company Accounts and Tax Online<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (CATO) service, where you can submit your accounts data to both HMRC and Companies House at once. If you are filing your accounts yourself, this can make the process much simpler.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is your choice whether you prepare your company\u2019s annual accounts or hire an accountant to handle them. While many businesses prepare and file their accounts, most companies hire an accountant to manage their finances and provide professional advice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are several benefits to hiring an accountant to handle your accounts. An accountant will:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take away the stress of preparation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce the risk of any penalties<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure you meet all legal requirements.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you decide to hire an accountant, it&#8217;s essential to be aware that company directors are still legally responsible for making sure that the accounts are accurate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Do you need advice on filing your annual accounts? <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintformations.co.uk\/support\/free-accountancy-consultation\/\"><b>Book a free consultation<\/b><\/a><b> with an accountant to find out everything you need to know and how an accountant can help your business. <\/b><\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Running your own business can be one of the most rewarding experiences, but it can also be quite stressful without the proper preparation. On top of ensuring that your business is a success, you need to comply with legislation and file your annual accounts correctly and on time. All limited companies in the UK are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2365,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-company-formations"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to File Company Accounts - Mint Formations Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn everything you need to know about filing your company accounts with Mint Formations&#039; comprehensive guide. 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